Kālidāsa’s Ethical Aesthetics: A Study of Dharma and Cosmic Harmony

Abstract

This article explores Kālidāsa’s profound articulation of dharma, the eternal principle of cosmic order and human duty, as depicted in his timeless Sanskrit kāvyas. Drawing from the Rāmāyaṇa, Mahābhārata, and Purāṇas, Kālidāsa weaves a literary tapestry that illuminates the multifaceted nature of dharma as both a universal law and a personal obligation. Through an analysis of his works, including the Raghuvamśa, Kumārasambhava, and Abhijñānaśākuntalam, this study examines how Kālidāsa presents dharma as a guiding force for gods, humans, and societal roles, emphasizing its role in harmonizing individual actions with cosmic balance. By situating Kālidāsa within the Vedic tradition, this article underscores his contribution to the preservation of eternal values, offering insights into the interplay of dharma with the puruṣārthas artha, kāma, and mokṣa. The analysis reveals Kālidāsa’s poetic genius in crafting narratives that transcend time, inspiring humanity to pursue a balanced and virtuous life.