From Paperwork to Biometrics: Assessing the Digitization of Air Travel in India through Digi Yatra

Abstract

This paper assesses the digitization of air travel in India through the Digi Yatra program. Digi Yatra is an ambitious biometric digital ID system launched in 2022 to streamline and secure airport processes for travelers. The program aims to provide a seamless and paperless air travel experience using facial recognition technology at all airport checkpoints including entry, security, lounges, and boarding. This research examines whether Digi Yatra has achieved its primary goals of enhancing passenger experiences and security as India transitions from paperwork to biometrics for air travel identification. To evaluate the impact of Digi Yatra, the researcher conducted an online survey of 500 air travelers in India who have utilized Digi Yatra. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 airport officials familiar with Digi Yatra implementation. Quantitative survey data provides insights into traveler perceptions of convenience, time savings, and privacy risks with biometric air travel IDs. Qualitative interview data explores insider perspectives on operational changes, technical challenges, and customer feedback with the Digi Yatra system. All primary data was analyzed using statistical analysis and thematic coding respectively. Key findings indicate that Digi Yatra has moderately streamlined passenger experiences, resulting in faster processing through airport touchpoints. However, persistent technical glitches have obstructed its smooth adoption. Privacy and data security concerns remain high among travelers. Airport officials noted the centralized biometric database increased security, but highlighted cost and technical barriers with the program. In summary, Digi Yatra demonstrates the complexities of digitizing essential infrastructure like air travel at a national scale. While India's biometrics-based air travel ID system has shown some early promise in facilitating digital convenience, more work is needed to improve its functioning and public trust to realize its full potential. This research provides valuable insights for India's ongoing digital transformation of air travel as well as lessons for other countries exploring similar biometric systems.