The Evolution of Education 5.0 in the Innovation Era: A Review of the Progression from Teacher-Centered Learning to Student-Driven Models

Abstract

Education has evolved over the years from the traditional classroom setting (Education 1.0) to today's highly customized, learner-driven model focused on collaboration and critical thinking (Education 5.0). This research provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of education across five stages (1.0 to 5.0), from the teacher-centered classroom to Education 5.0's emphasis on developing skills for an uncertain future. The objectives are to: (1) outline the key features of each education stage, (2) analyze the drivers catalyzing advancement from one model to the next, and (3) discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our current Education 5.0 model. The methodology entails an extensive literature review synthesizing scholarship on educational shifts over the past century. In terms of evolution, key features defining each education stage are explored, including the role of teacher vs. student, classroom set-up, primary learning activities, and integration of technology. Findings suggest several core factors precipitating evolution from one education era to the next, such as societal and economic changes, technological innovations, emerging learning theories and psychological research, and critique of existing education models. While Education 5.0 fosters creativity, collaboration, and resilience, potential drawbacks include technological dependence, student disengagement, and inequality issues. Suggestions are provided for relentlessly improving Education 5.0 to prepare students with human-centered skills vital for the uncertain future.