The Scientific Underpinnings of Oḍiā New Year (Paṇā Saṅkrānti) and Its Agricultural Relevance

Abstract

Paṇā Saṅkrānti, also known as Oḍiā New Year, is a culturally significant festival in Odisha, India, marking the solar transition into the Meṣa Rāśi (Aries). This paper explores the scientific foundations of Paṇā Saṅkrānti, emphasizing its alignment with solar movements and its implications for traditional agricultural practices. By examining the timing of the festival, which coincides with the onset of summer, the study reveals how ancient agricultural communities used this period to initiate various farming activities. The festival’s customs, such as the preparation and consumption of Paṇā, a cooling drink, are analyzed for their practical applications in managing the heat and ensuring hydration during the critical pre-monsoon phase. The paper further discusses the synchronization of Paṇā Saṅkrānti with the agricultural calendar, highlighting its role in reinforcing sustainable farming practices and community well-being. Through this interdisciplinary investigation, the research offers insights into how ancient traditions were deeply intertwined with ecological awareness and agricultural efficiency, presenting Paṇā Saṅkrānti as a model of integrating cultural rituals with scientific and environmental principles.