The Allure of Artificial Intimacy: Examining the Appeal and Ethics of Using Generative AI for Simulated Relationships

Abstract

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled the creation of increasingly realistic simulated people and conversations. Systems like DALL-E 2, Replika, and Character AI can now generate strikingly lifelike facial images, hold intelligent discussions, and exhibit emotional responses tailored to the user. While much of the interest in these AIs stems from their versatility in creative and assistive applications, some technologists envision a near future in which they could also be used to simulate intimacy and romantic/sexual relationships. For people who struggle to form real romantic connections due to disabilities, mental health issues, or other barriers, these artificial companions promise acceptance, romance, and sexual fulfillment without judgement or rejection. The AI girlfriends/boyfriends can be fully customized to match their human partner's preferences in personality, interests, and physical appearance. This level of control and idealization is part of the appeal, allowing for relationships free from friction and fights. Additionally, human users may appreciate the transparent artifice of an AI companion, which avoids the confusion and risks of real relationships. However, mental health experts caution that over-reliance on artificial intimacy could lead to withdrawal from human interaction. If people come to prefer the safety of AI to the messiness of real relationships, it could exacerbate loneliness and social isolation in the long run. There are also concerning power dynamics inherent in owning and customizing an AI companion to fulfill one's desires. As relationship substitutes become more sophisticated, we must guard against objectification and dehumanization. There are open questions regarding the ethics of simulating emotional intimacy, particularly for users who may have difficulty discerning reality from fantasy. More research is needed on the impact to users' well-being, perceptions of others, and cognitive/social development. Policymakers should consider protections for vulnerable groups and regulations requiring transparency from AI creators. As with any powerful technology, the path forward must balance enabling human flourishing against unintended consequences. With care, foresight and human wisdom, artificial intimacy could perhaps enhance lives, but an uncritical embrace risks severing our most fundamental bonds.